Plagiarism & Retraction Policy

Journal of Nesia Engineering Science (JNESc) considers plagiarism a serious breach of publication ethics. All submitted manuscripts are checked with Turnitin before peer review, and again before publication when needed. The maximum similarity index allowed is 20%, excluding the reference list, provided that no single source contributes a substantial portion of the text.

1. Definition

Plagiarism is the use or close imitation of another person's words, ideas, data, figures, or results and presenting them as one's own original work without proper acknowledgement. It includes self-plagiarism (text recycling) and duplicate or redundant publication.

2. Policy

• Manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere.
• Text taken word-for-word from another source must be placed in quotation marks (or indented for long quotations) and cited.
• Reproducing figures, tables, or long passages from another publication requires permission from the copyright holder and a clear citation of the source.
• Authors who reuse their own previously published material must cite the earlier publication and explain what is new in the current manuscript. Extended versions of conference papers must name the original proceedings and obtain permission from the copyright holder where required.

3. Levels of Plagiarism and Sanctions

Level	Description	Action
Minor	A short portion of another work is copied without proper citation, with no significant data or ideas taken; or reuse is limited to the Methods section.	The author is warned and asked to rewrite and cite the sources properly before the manuscript proceeds.
Moderate	A significant part of the manuscript is copied without proper citation, or self-plagiarism covers more than one-tenth but less than half of the article.	The manuscript is rejected, and the authors may not submit to JNESc for one year.
Severe	A substantial part of the manuscript, including original results or ideas, is copied from another publication, or the manuscript largely duplicates another submission or publication.	The manuscript is rejected or the article retracted, the authors may not submit to JNESc for five years, and their institutions may be notified.

All authors are jointly responsible for the content of their manuscript, so any sanction applies to every author. Repeat offenses are decided by the Editor-in-Chief and the editorial board and may result in a permanent ban.

4. Withdrawal of Manuscripts

Authors are discouraged from withdrawing a manuscript once review, editing, or layout has begun, as considerable resources have already been invested. If withdrawal is unavoidable, the corresponding author must send a formal request stating the reasons to ajurnalnesia@gmail.com, using the email address registered in OJS. No fee is charged for withdrawal. A manuscript is considered withdrawn only after the editor confirms the request.

5. Retraction, Expression of Concern, and Correction

Following the COPE Retraction Guidelines, the editors will consider:

Retraction, when:

• there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, because of misconduct (such as data fabrication or falsification) or honest error (such as calculation or experimental error);
• the findings have been published elsewhere without proper citation, permission, or justification (redundant publication);
• the article contains plagiarism; or
• the article reports unethical research.

An expression of concern, when:

• there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct;
• there is evidence that the findings are unreliable, but the authors' institution will not investigate;
• an investigation has not been, or will not be, conducted fairly and impartially; or
• an investigation is underway but a conclusion will not be available for some time.

A correction, when:

• a small portion of an otherwise reliable article is misleading, mainly because of honest error; or
• the author or contributor list is incorrect.

Retracted articles remain online, clearly watermarked as "Retracted", and are linked to a retraction notice that states the reason for the retraction and who initiated it.