Prototype Photovoltaic Charger Controller Berbasis Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) with Overheat Protection System

Abstract

Solar energy is an abundant, unlimited, and environmentally friendly resource with great potential as the main energy source in the future. Solar panels or solar cells (photovoltaic) can convert solar energy directly into electricity, but high sunlight intensity can damage the panels and batteries, requiring a protection system. This study develops a prototype of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)--based photovoltaic charge controller with an overheat protection system. This prototype aims to stabilize the output power and reduce the temperature to prevent panel damage. The project results show that the use of a buck-boost converter with the PID method can stabilize the fluctuating solar panel voltage at a setpoint of 13V with a minimal overshoot between 0.0107% and 0.015%, making it effective in regulating voltage and extending battery life.